Effect of iron content on the wear behavior and adhesion strength of TiC–Fe nanocomposite coatings on low carbon steel produced by air plasma spray

In this study, the effect of Fe content on the abrasion behavior of TiC–Fe nanocomposite coatings applied on the CK45 steel substrate by air plasma spray method was investigated. For this purpose, milled TiC powder was prepared at 1, 2, 3 and 4 h milled TiC powder for 4 h was selected as the suitable sample. In the next step, a suitable sample mixture with different iron powder concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% was prepared by mechanical milling. The granulated mixture was applied to the substrate using air plasma spray technique. Microstructural and phase analyzes were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to the results of Williamson-Hall calculations, the TiC crystallites' size decreased by 49 nm–29 nm, and network strain reached 0.16% by increasing milling time from 1 h to 4 h. Studies have shown that the coatings contain titanium carbide, iron oxide, and titanium oxide, with the number of phases formed depending on the amount of iron in the chemical composition. Investigation of the tribological properties of the coating layer showed that with increased iron content in the coating, the wear resistance of the samples is reduced. Hardness tests on coatings indicate that adding iron to nanocomposite from 5 to 25% reduces hardness from 1025 to 699 Hv. It can be argued that a slight increase in the adhesion strength of the coating to the substrate is due to increased wettability because of the formation of molten iron in the coating.     

Graphene triggered enhancement in visible-light active photocatalysis as well as in energy storage capacity of (CFO)1-x(GNPs)x nanocomposites

Cobalt ferrite-graphene nanoplatelets ((CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x) nanocomposites are promising for efficient photocatalysis and high-performance supercapacitors. Multifunctional (CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x nanocomposites prepared via facile chemical method have been investigated for their physio-chemical characteristics like crystal structure, morphology, chemical composition, optical properties, infrared vibrational modes, photocatalytic and supercapacitor applications. Interestingly, the photocatalytic activity of CFO nanostructures has been improved significantly from 38.3% to 98.7% with the addition of graphene which can be attributed to control over recombination of charge carriers. It is also found that the specific capacitance of the prepared (CFO)_1-x(GNPs)_x nanocomposite electrode at 0.5 Ag^-1 is three times higher than that of only CFO based electrode which could be due to the conducting nature of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The enhanced photocatalytic and improved electrochemical characteristics suggest the effective use of prepared nanocomposites in water purification and supercapacitor nanodevices.     

刻蚀对高碳马氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗铬层结合强度的影响

目的研究等离子体刻蚀工艺对高碳马氏体不锈钢表面渗铬层组织和结合强度的影响。方法首先利用微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法对8Cr17马氏体不锈钢表面进行四种不同工艺参数的刻蚀处理,然后利用双层辉光等离子体表面渗铬技术在刻蚀处理后的8Cr17不锈钢表面制备铬合金层。用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦、辉光放电光谱仪和X射线衍射仪分别表征刻蚀表面形貌和渗铬层组织,用划痕仪测试渗铬层与基体的结合强度。结果氢和氢+氩等离子体刻蚀后,8Cr17不锈钢基体表面粗糙度增加,且含碳量减少。渗铬层由表面富Cr层、Cr_xC_y扩散层、基体组成,其物相主要包括Cr、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3。表面经氢气刻蚀1 h和2 h后,形成的渗铬层厚度分别为7、7.5μm,氢气+氩气刻蚀1 h和2 h后,渗铬层厚度分别为8.1、9μm,其中氢气+氩气刻蚀1 h的基材表面渗铬层较致密,与基体结合牢固。结论等离子体刻蚀预处理可通过改变8Cr17钢表面的组织形貌,降低表面含碳量,增加扩散层厚度,提高渗层与基体的结合强度。     

A study of CVD diamond deposition on cemented carbide ball-end milling tools with high cobalt content using amorphous ceramic interlayers

In this paper, CVD diamond coatings are deposited on cemented carbides with 10 wt.% Co using amorphous SiO₂ and amorphous SiC interlayers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are carried out to characterize the microstructure and composition of as-deposited films. Moreover, the adhesion and cutting performance of as-fabricated diamond coatings are studied. Indentation tests show that the amorphous ceramic interlayers can enhance the adhesion between diamond films and WC–Co substrates. The cutting tests against zirconia indicate that the tools with amorphous ceramic interlayered diamond coatings exhibit improved cutting performance. The amorphous ceramic interlayers can improve the adhesive strength and wear endurance of diamond coatings on WC–10 wt.% Co substrates, which provide a viable way for adherent diamond coatings on cemented carbide tools with high cobalt content.     

温度对40Cr13钢等离子表面渗铌层组织的影响

为提高马氏体不锈钢的耐蚀和耐磨性能,选择40Cr13不锈钢为基材、纯铌板为靶材,采用双辉等离子表面冶金技术在不锈钢表面制备合金化层.用SEM、GDOES、XRD等方法分析渗铌温度对铌合金层组织、成分、相组成、表面形貌及硬度的影响,并对渗层形成机制及表面硬化机理进行了研究.结果表明:在900~1 000℃形成的铌合金层组织均匀致密,合金层主要由Nb2C、Nb C、Fe2Nb、Cr2Nb及铌组成;合金层表面粗糙度随渗铌温度的提高而增加;合金层厚度随渗铌温度改变发生不同变化规律,950℃渗铌形成的渗层约13μm,900和1 000℃渗铌后合金层厚度均为7μm左右;不同温度渗铌后试样的表面硬度与基体相比均有较大幅度的提高,1 000℃渗铌后试样表面硬度高达约985 HV0.025,900℃渗铌后约758 HV0.025,而950℃渗铌后表面硬度最低,约698 HV0.025.     

Physical metallurgy of concentrated solid solutions from low-entropy to high-entropy alloys

The alloy world could be divided into low-entropy (LEAs), medium-entropy (MEAs) and high-entropy alloys (HEAs) based on the configurational entropy at the random solution state. In HEAs, four core effects, i.e. high entropy, sluggish diffusion, severe lattice distortion and cocktail effects, are much more significant than low-entropy alloys in affecting phase transformation, microstructure and properties. In fact, the degree of the influence from these core effects more or less increases with increased mixing entropy. The trend is gradual from low-entropy alloys to high-entropy alloys. In this article, physical metallurgy of HEAs is discussed with the bridge connected to that of conventional alloys. As disordered and ordered solid solutions are the main constituent phases of alloys, the understanding of solid solutions is fundamental for the understanding of alloys. In addition, as dilute solid solutions have been well treated in current physical metallurgy, concentrated solid solutions from low-entropy to high-entropy alloys are focused in this article. Physical properties are especially emphasized besides mechanical properties.     

Influence of electron beam liquid phase surface treatments on the corrosion resistance of AZ91D using different additive deposition techniques

Electron beam alloying (EBA) and electron beam cladding (EBC) were applied on AZ91D using Al-based additives. For EBA, additives were pre-deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and cold gas spraying (CGS). In the case of EBC, a wire was used for in situ additive deposition. Polarisation test were carried out to investigate the corrosion behaviour of layers with Mg-rich (EBA) and Al-rich (EBC) layer matrices depending on the element contents of Mg, Al, and Si. In 0.001 M NaCl solution, the corrosion potential is significantly improved compared with the untreated AZ91D and corrosion current densities of the AlSi12 reference material are approached.     

AISI304不锈钢表面渗Cu层对其摩擦学行为的影响

利用等离子表面合金化技术,在304不锈钢表面制备渗Cu改性层。借助球-盘磨损试验机对改性层常规大气环境下与不同偶件（GCr15球,Al2O3球）对摩时的摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明：不锈钢表面渗Cu改性层均匀致密、与基体结合良好,厚度大约26μm,主要由纯Cu和膨胀的奥氏体等相组成。渗Cu改性层的摩擦学性能与摩擦偶件相关。渗Cu不锈钢与GCr15球对摩时Cu改性层阻止了不锈钢与配副直接接触,并在摩擦过程中起到固体润滑作用,明显改善了不锈钢的摩擦学性能;渗Cu不锈钢与Al2O3球对摩时,由于陶瓷球的稳定化学性能及Cu改性层相对较低的剪切强度,导致摩擦过程中磨粒磨损加剧。     

Be、RE对AZ91D阻燃性、组织及力学性能的影响

研究了Be的加入量对镁合金AZ91D起燃温度的影响,以及Be、RE对AZ91D显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,含0.3％Be的AZ91D的起燃温度提高近300℃,Be的加入促进Mg17Al12相以离异共晶方式析出,降低了AZ91D的拉伸性能.加入1.0％RE可抑制Mg17Al12相的析出,从而强化了基体,Al4 RE相可阻止裂纹的形成与扩展,增大试验合金的断裂抗力,使抗拉强度显著提高.固溶处理后拉伸性能得到了进一步提高.     

钛合金圆环工件表面合金化及其滚动摩擦性能研究

采用等离子表面合金化技术在Ti6Al4V合金圆环工件表面制备Mo渗镀改性层,将其与未渗Mo处理的Ti6Al4V合金在模拟实际工况条件下进行油润滑的滚动摩擦对比试验,比较二者的磨损情况,并分析磨损机理。结果表明,Ti6Al4V合金表面进行渗Mo处理后,形成了均匀、致密且高硬度的Mo基改性层。Ti6Al4V合金表面渗Mo后,硬度由渗层到基体呈梯度分布。滚动摩擦试验表明,渗Mo处理后表面无减摩效果,但磨损量大大减小,耐磨性得到有效改进。通过对磨损形貌的分析可知,表面渗Mo处理后磨损机理主要以磨粒磨损为主,而基材是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。